the mccarthy and the salem witch hunts Essay example

quot;The McCarthy Era of the 1950s and the Salem Witch Trials of the 1600s were major events in American history that destroyed the lives and careers of many innocent victims. These tragic events were similar in that they demonstrated how hard times lead to societys need to find a scapegoat. They also show the shame and regret that take place after the bloodbaths occur. The parallels between these two events, which took place almost 300 years apart, are remarkable.quot; quot;However, the Salem Witchcraft Trials use of human frailty in court helped courts move forward in eliminating its use. Courts now need factual or circumstantial evidence to convict a person of any crime and the accused is promised a fair trial. Nowadays, the†¦show more content†¦As a form of counter-magic, Tituba was ordered to bake a rye cake with the urine of the afflicted victim and to feed the cake to a dog. This added to suspicions of witchcraft by Tituba, and led to the slave becoming one of the first women accused, along with Sarah Good and Sarah Osburn. Although most of the women first accused of witchcraft were considered disreputable, several reputable members of the community were soon executed, including Rebecca Nurse (featured in the play), the most controversial execution, George Burroughs, the former minister in Salem. One of the most flamboyant of the women executed was Bridget Bishop, a woman who had been married several times and was known as the mistre ss of two Salem taverns and had a reputation for dressing more artistically than the women of the village.Sir William Phips, the Governor of Massachusetts, created a new court to oversee the witchcraft cases. The Chief Justice of this court was William Stoughton, an avid witch-hunter who allowed many deviations from normal courtroom procedure including the admission of spectral evidence (testimony by afflicted persons that they had been visited by a suspects specter) and private conversations between accusers and judges. By the early autumn of 1692, the cries of witchcraft began to ebb and doubts began to develop concerning the validity of the charges. The educated elite of the colonyShow MoreRelatedThe Mccarthy and the Salem Witch Hunts1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe McCarthy Era of the 1950s and the Salem Witch Trials of the 1600s were major events in American history that destroyed the lives and careers of many innocent victims. These tragic events were similar in that they demonstrated how hard times lead to societys need to find a scapegoat. They also show the shame and regret that take place after the bloodbaths occur. The parallels between these two events, which took place almost 300 years apart, are remarkable. However, the Salem WitchcraftRead MoreThe Mccarthy Hearings Vs The Salem Witch Trials Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesThe McCarthy Hearings vs The Salem Witch Trials The McCarthy Hearings and the Salem Witch Trials both transformed the thought process of Americans today. Despite being described as completely unique and distinguished events, they both are eerily similar in appearance. The Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are both described as witch hunts with several similarities in the way the inspired fear but they have several differences in the motivation and the end of each event. The Salem Witch TrialsRead MoreThe Crucible And Salem Witch Trials Similarities790 Words   |  4 Pages2017 Salem Witch Trials and The McCarthy Era The United States of America is filled with many historic events, enriching its history. Many events that occur are compared to past events in our history. In particular, the McCarthy Era in the 1950’s was compared to the Salem Witch Trials which occurred in 1692. This correlation was first made by Arthur Miller who wrote the play â€Å"The Crucible†. He connected the time period of McCarthy to where there was a hunt for communists, to the Salem Witch TrialsRead MoreMccarthyism In The Crucible1743 Words   |  7 PagesIn Arthur Miller s powerful play The Crucible, written in 1953 as a allegory and metaphor for the McCarthy hearings on communism in America, the idea of conscience is greatly emphasized in many of the main characters. Arthur Miller wrote the play The Crucible in response to the red scare of the 1950’s, in which he was was condemned for disrespect disapproval of the United States Congress for being unsuccessful in naming numerous individuals who had attended meetings with him. In a bid to notRead MoreArthur Millers The Crucible In connection to McCarthyism1620 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves. The McCarthy Hearings that took place in the 1950s are a good example of this. The accusations of communism led to a nation-wide hysteria and fear of who was going to be named next. When this was over, the hope would be that nothing like it would ever happen again and nothing like it had ever happened before. However, we have not only repeated it on various occasions, but through Arthur Millers The Crucible, we also see the parallel of the event with the Salem Witch hunts that took placeRead MoreCommunism And Communism In Arthur Millers The Crucible711 Words   |  3 Pages(â€Å"Red†). Simil ar to, in 1953, Arthur Miller an American playwright, scripted the play titled â€Å"The Crucible†. The McCarthy hearings of the 1950s inspired the notable play. Consequently, after the hearing, McCarthyism became a vociferous campaign carried out by Senator Joseph McCarthy, which accused people of communism. To declare, Miller uses an analogy using the events of the Salem Witch Trials of 1693 to expose the ugly truth behind communism and McCarthyism. To begin, the word crucible derivedRead MoreSimilarities Between The Crucible And Salem Witch Trials1079 Words   |  5 Pagesthe story the Salem Witch trials. Arthur Miller, is the author of this play. McCarthyism played a big role in the creation of The Crucible. Many differences and similarities were drawn between the play and the Red Scare. The horrors of history are passed on from generation to generation in hopes that they will never happen again. People look back on these times and are surprised at how terrible the times were. Yet, in the 1950s, history repeated itself. During this time Joseph McCarthy, a United StatesRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials And Mccarthyism1275 Words   |  6 Pagesthat history no longer matters because it is in the past, the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are prime examples of how history constantly repeats itself and influence how we live today for the reason that both historic eras consist of the following: they have similar histories, connect in significant ways, and include comparable situations and themes that are evident today affecting us on a daily basis whether or not we realize. Salem, Massachusetts was the home of a theocratic government systemRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials And Mccarthyism1327 Words   |  6 Pagesthat history no longer matters because it is in the past, the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are prime examples of how history constantly repeats itself and influence how we live today for the reason that both historic eras consist of the following: they have similar history, connect in significant ways, and include comparable situations and themes that are evident today effecting us on a daily bases whether or not we realize. Salem, Massachusetts was the home of a theocracy government systemRead More The Parallels Between Arthur Millers Life and His Play, The Crucible1486 Words   |  6 Pagesworks dating from to 1936 through 2004. The Crucible, one of his most famous plays, premiered in New York on January 22, 1953 (InfoTrac). It is a historical-fiction story set in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The witch hunt described in this play is similar to the Red Scare, an anti-communist movement led by Senator Joseph McCarthy that lasted from the late 1940s to the late 1950s (Broudin). During both time periods, most people respected high authority while a few dissenters challenged conformist views

Analysis Of `` Killings `` By Andre Dubus - 835 Words

By analyzing the conflicts of stories help readers understand why the specific characters act certain ways. We better comprehend the characters’ personality and why the flaws of other character affect the main character. Are main characters’ problems the result of other characters’ personality flaws? Characters endure arduous situations and it is because of another character’s flaw. Being possessiveness, overly critical, and controlling of others are the reason for main characters problems. When a characters flaw is dominating, it causes much problem to another character. An example of possessiveness is by the antagonist, Richard in â€Å"Killings† by Andre Dubus. Matt’s problem is a result of Richards selfishness. Richard is possessive of Mary Ann is ex wife is filing for divorce. â€Å"Richard Strout shot Frank in front of the boys† (115). Frank is Matt’s son, who Richard has killed because of his selfishness of seeing his ex wife with Frank. Matt’s problem is full of sadness and anger which makes him commit murder on killing Richard. â€Å" He walks the Goddamn streets† (Dubus 111). Since Richards been out of jail. He walks around, living a free and normal life since he has gotten out, like nothing has happened. That angers Matt. Richard does not want to see ex wife Mary Ann with nobody else. Even though Richard has a new wife he is still possessive with his ex wife, not wanting anyone to be with her. When a characters flaw is being judgmental, it causes much problem to anotherShow MoreRelatedEssay on Analysis of Killings by Andre Dubus 881 Words   |  4 PagesThe major theme of Andre Dubus’ Killing,s is how far someone would go for the person they love. It is important to note the title of the story is killings and not killers, for the reasoning that the story does not just focus on two deaths or two murderers but rather the death of marriage, friendship, youth, and overall, trust. Richard Strout was married to Mary Ann, who was most likely fed up with his hot temperedness that always seemed to get him into fist fights. She separated from her husbandRead MoreEssay Theme Analysis of Killings by Andre Dubus 741 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Killings, written by Andre Dubus in 1979, involves several aspects such as revenge, morality, and murder. Elements, such as the story’s title, the order of events, and the development of the characters, are very unique. It successfully evokes emotion and suspense as the plot unfolds in sequence. Though it seems easily overlooked, the title â€Å"Killings† is very important due to the fact that the thrill of suspense is left in the mind of the reader. The title encourages readers to question who andRead MoreThematic Analys in Andre Dubus’ Killings Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Killings The major theme of Andre Dubus’ Killings is how far someone would go for the person they love. It is important to note the title of the story is killings and not killers, for the reasoning that the story does not just focus on two deaths or two murderers but rather the death of marriage, friendship, youth, and overall, trust. Richard Strout was married to Mary Ann, who was most likely fed up with his hot temperedness that always seemed to get him into fist fights. She separatedRead MoreCharacterization of Diazs Yunior741 Words   |  3 Pageshe wants them to. He realizes that his father is always going to be the way he is and nothing he does will change him. Works Cited Dubus, Andre. â€Å"Killings.† The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 9th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. 103-115. Print. http://www.teachingcollegeenglish.com How to write a characterization analysis: Introduction, body paragraph, and conclusion. Web.

Romeo Juliet- Comparison Between The Screenplay free essay sample

Romeo + Juliet- Comparison Between The Screenplay And The 199 Essay, Research Paper Movies are made with the managers different personal sentiments based on the original screenplay. For the film version of Romeo + Juliet ( 1996 ) , the quotation mark above illustrates this absolutely. For this essay, I will discourse contrasts between the original screenplay, and the movie. I will be discoursing plot alterations to accommodate to the film # 8217 ; s ocular capablenesss, alterations to the time-frame of the book, and secret plan alterations to different relationships between characters. I hope you will happen this essay informative. First, I will discourse with you the secret plan alterations to accommodate to the film # 8217 ; s ocular capablenesss. If we were merely to read this book, the lone ocular images we would see would be in our heads ; but since we went to see the film, the manager had to accommodate some of the secret plan to hold viewing audiences see the screenplay visually. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo Juliet- Comparison Between The Screenplay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One such illustration of secret plan versions is when, in the screenplay, Tybalt recognizes Romeo # 8217 ; s voice at the Capulet mask. When Tybalt hears him, he becomes angered. This is non so for the movie. Romeo takes off his mask at the fountain and forgets it at that place. He returns to the mask and that is when Tybalt recognizes his face. However, the consequence is the same, Tybalt becomes enraged and vows to pull out his retaliation on Romeo since Old Capulet said for him to go forth Romeo entirely. Second, I will exemplify you some changed to the time-frame of the secret plan. This is one of the easier comparings since Y ou can state if parts of the secret plan have been rearranged. An illustration of a alteration to the secret plan is when ( in the book ) Romeo first meets Juliet. Romeo says about 50 words to Juliet and kisses her. While she is being kissed, the Nurse calls her away because her female parent wants to see her. In the film, Juliet is called off even before Romeo negotiations to her. Juliet is called off to dance with Paris, but when the dance ends and Paris is watching the pyrotechnics, Juliet and Romeo talk and buss. Last, I will explicate to you some of the secret plan alterations to different relationships between characters. This has to make partially with the ocular facets of the movie, but at that place has been a book alteration. An illustration is the evident attractive force between Lady Capulet and Tybalt. In the screenplay, there is non even a reference of a relationship between Lady Capulet and Tybalt other so nephew and aunt ; but in the film, during the mask, Lady Capulet and Tybalt passionately kiss. Besides whenever Tybalt is slain by Romeo, Lady Capulet declares that she loves Tybalt. This is yet another discrepancy from the book to the film. In decision, one can see all the personal sentiments that went into Shakespeare # 8217 ; s work and if one were to direct a film, any alterations to the secret plan would demo up in comparing to the screenplay easy. No 1 knows what the original version of Romeo + Juliet was like and no 1 of all time will. All that is for certain, is that no 1 can of all time animate what Shakespeare has done in this extraordinary screenplay.

The Ilonggos Essay Sample free essay sample

The Ilonggo’s prehistoric culture is based chiefly on the Maragtas. a papers that tells of the reaching in Panay of Malay datus and their households from Borneo in 1250. As the narrative goes. the Bornean Malays came into contact with the Atis or Negritos. the dwellers of the island at that clip. They so negotiated with the latter for the â€Å"pagtaba† or purchase of the coastal countries where they intended to settle down. After the understanding. the fledglings established colonies along riversides and seashores while the Atis retreated into the island’s insides. Some bookmans nevertheless. see the Maragtas as mere common people history because it has about six versions and is interlaced with events and narratives rather antic to be true ( Ponteras 1978 ) . More disclosure is that archeological groundss found in some topographic points in Iloilo Province demoing the material ownerships of Iloilo’s ancient dwellers indicate that they were every bit old a s the hills and vales in the country. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ilonggos Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Considerable cultural stuffs of proto-historic vintage. peculiarly Chinese porcelain wares. recovered from different archeological sites. besides reveal the Ilonggos’ extended trade with the Chinese and other Asians before the supposed approach of the 10 Borneo datus. The Ilonggos trade dealingss with the Chinese and other Asiatics started from the tenth century and flourished up to the sixteenth century upon the reaching of the Spanish colonisers in the state. Excavated trade ware further indicates that some of the early Ilonggos Ate from porcelain home bases. non coconut shells as claimed by some bookmans ; that they lived in lasting colonies and were engaged in the production of harvests and trades ; that they had a system of composing. and that they were no longer afraid of aliens. So. it is non truly possible that they were the crude Atis that the Bornean Malays came in contact with. in the mid-13th century. Some early Spanish authors like Francisco Colin. Miguel de Loarca and Antonio de Morga attested to the fact that the Ilonggos already enjoyed certain grade of civilisation at the clip of the Spanish contact. Harmonizing to the Spaniards. the Ilonggos built boats of â€Å"very different forms and names† which they used for fishing a nd transporting their wares. They besides manufactured fishing cogwheels and traps made of bamboo ; wove fabrics from Manila hemp. cotton and Chinese silk ; carved artistic objects and images of their dead ascendants and made really attractive bodily decorations. They were adept silverworkers and coppersmiths. hammering soft stuffs into jewellery and decorations for their tools and arms. They had moreover. their ain alphabet. music and musical instruments. vocals and dances. and fables and narratives. As to who the people were. what is known is that they were ab initio called by the Spaniards as Pintados because of their organic structure tattoos. both work forces and adult females. which at a distance looked like organic structure picture. Nevertheless. non long after. the Spaniards recognized at least two typical groups—the Ati and what most bookmans ( Beyer et al ) designated as Malay. who may hold come from Borneo ( Coutts and Fullagar neodymium ) . At the clip of their reaching in the mid-16th centur y. the Spaniards had already noted a figure of well-populated communities in several topographic points in Iloilo that had booming intra- and inter-island trade. Culture The indispensable constituents of Ilonggo civilization are linguistic communication. unwritten literature ( heroic poems. myths. fables. Proverbs. etc. ) . vocals and dances. handcrafts. old churches and houses. and celebrated daintinesss. The Ilonggo linguistic communication is fundamentally Hiligaynon and Kinaray-a. the latter with its legion fluctuations in the interior subdivisions of the state. Ilonggo literature consists of hurubaton. paktakon. sugidanon ( heroic poems ) . lowa. and others. many of which have survived up to the present clip. Of class. the most known literature related to Ilonggos is the Maragtas. a folk history on the coming of the 10 Bornean datus and their households to Panay. Ilonggo vocals are chiefly composos or laies about love and escapade. cradlesong tunes ( Ili-ili is the best illustration ) . and other common people vocals. normally accompanied by either percussion. air current or twine instruments. Traditional dances that have been recorded by the Spaniards are the harito. balitaw. liay. lalong kalong. imbong. inay-inay. and binanog. Some of these dances are still being performed today. Ilonggo civilization is besides manifested in the people’s preference for colourful and epicurean jubilations. The Ilonggo ever finds an juncture to demo his stuff richness and his celebrated trade name of cordial reception. This explains why other than the spiritual banquets like the patronal fete. Flores de Mayo and Santacruzan. the Ilonggos have besides indulged themselves in many festivals. aside from the universe celebrated Dinagyang in Iloilo City and Maskara in Bacolod City. Traditions Mention must be made of Ilonggo zarzuela. the most popular signifier of common amusement in Western Visayas in the first half of the twentieth century. The zarzuela is a traditional musical phase drama picturing the mundane life and aspirations of the Ilonggos that made celebrated a figure of local authors. It besides catapulted into prominence the Iloilo-Bacolod Troupe ( ILOBAC ) that performed before capacity audiences in the metropoliss and municipalities of Iloilo and Negros Occidental. With respect to handcrafts. the 1 that is considered the â€Å"queen† . both in the past and in the present. is weaving. For a piece. during the late eighteenth century and early 19th centuries. Iloilo was referred to as the â€Å"Textile Capital of the Philippines† . Its woven merchandises made of pina fibres. cotton. silk and Manila hemp were exported abroad. every bit good as to Manila and other parts of Luzon and the Visayas. Iloilo is besides known formulated its pottery-making. bolo-making and bamboo trades. During the Spanish period. it was well-known as the centre of boat-building in the Visayas. particularly the town of Oton and the island of Guimaras. In fact. harmonizing to Spanish record. there were galleons used by the Spaniards built in these topographic points. Traits The Ilonggos since clip yesteryear have been noted for being â€Å"matinlo. † In fact. their personal cleanliness and of the remainder of the Filipino people for that affair ever attracted the attending of the Spaniards who came early to the Philippines. They noted that the small towns were largely situated along river Bankss or in oral cavities of rivers sloping out into the sea. The fledglings thought that the chief ground for this was the natives’ fancy for bathing which. or class. is partially right. The river and the sea were beginnings of protein nutrient through its teeming marine life. Transporting goods and people from the interior small towns to the seashores and vice-versa was easier by â€Å"bangka† ( wooden boat ) or by â€Å"balsa† ( bamboo raft ) down and up the river. Among the traits of the Ilonggo that the Spaniards had high respects was their being â€Å"mapisan† or hardworking. Casimiro Diaz. for illustration. in a elaborate hist ory on ecclesiastical and Augustinian personal businesss. 1630-1640. described the people of Panay as â€Å"naturally docile than any other of the cero. really hardworking in their rice farms† ( Diaz 1890 ) . A Gallic traveller. Jean Mallat. besides praised the dwellers as â€Å"the most industrious† ( Mallat 1846 ) . It is exactly because of the industry of the dwellers of Panay that the island. harmonizing to Miguel de Loarca. Antonio de Morga and Juan Medina. was abundant in rice ( Blair A ; Robertson 1903-1909 and De Morga 1962 ) . This was the ground why Panay. peculiarly Iloilo. became of involvement to the Spanish conquistadores from the really start of their colonisation of the archipelago. Aside from rice. Iloilo. harmonizing to De Loarca. besides â€Å"abounded in swine. poultry. wax and honey† ( Blair A ; Robertson 1903-1909 ) and. as ascertained by De Morga. was â€Å"abundant in wine-producing palm-trees and all sorts of nutrient supplies† ( De Morga 1962 ) . Furthermore. there is strong grounds that Iloilo was bring forthing a great measure of cotton and other fabric cloths ( Blair A ; Robertson 1903-1909 ) . The Ilonggos were besides noted by the Spa nish colonisers as â€Å"maisog† or fearless and brave. Life prior to the coming of the Spaniards had sufficient warfare and provided chances for work forces to turn out their bravery and daring and win for themselves awards and the tattoos which caused the Spaniards to name them Pintados. The chieftains’ ability to secure Fe or esteemed goods from foreign bargainers depended on control of the work force to work resources. Wars were hence fought to command people and resources. non territory. Raids upon other communities were intended to prehend slaves outright. to originate or implement confederations for trading webs. to take loot that included immature adult females. and to penalize those who had done incorrectly on the aggrieved party. Wars were fought non by standing ground forcess or naval forcess but by loyal warriors owing personal commitment to leaders who were besides physically present and active in these bloody brushs ( Scott 1995 ) . It must be understood that heroism in conflict was a basic necessity to going a â€Å"datu. † Ilonggos. besides have a greatest repute of being fond. friendly. and happy. Food Ilonggo civilization is reflected in the broad scope of its culinary delectations. as in the instance of Batchoy. pancit molo. baye-baye. biscocho. inday-inday. binakol. bandi. piyaya. and pinasugbo. Batchoy seemingly has become a national passion. a instance of Ilonggo cultural colonisation. This delicious mixture. normally advertised as â€Å"Original La Paz Batchoy† . can now be found anyplace in the Philippines – in the far north as the Ilocos part and in the far south as Tawi-tawi. It is observed. nevertheless. that the batchoy gustatory sensation in Iloilo could neer be duplicated elsewhere – it can merely be approximated. Batchoy prepared by non-Ilonggos in other topographic points taste more like mami instead than the existent thing. Apparels THE BAGOBOS Historyâ€Å"Bagobo† comes from â€Å"bago† intending â€Å"new. recent† and â€Å"obo/obbo/uvu† significance â€Å"growth. grow. † so that the term refers to a recent formation of people along the seashore of the Davao Gulf. When the Hinduized people from the south brought in Hindu civilization during the Sri Vijayan and Majapahit incursion of Mindanao. these migrators mixed with the native population. organizing a new society reflected in the name â€Å"Bagobo. † The term may slackly use to the coastal people of Davao Gulf. particularly those native groups on the western shores of southeasterly Davao. These groups include several ethnicities. such as the Tagabawa. Jangan or Attaw. and Tagacaolo. Spanish missionaries and early ethnographers tended to place them all as one group because they had common articles of material civilization. such as frock and decorations. tools. blades. and musical instruments. Immigrants from other topographic points besides tended to include the Manuvu among the Bagobo groups. The attribution is erroneous. for the Manuvu live in the highland countries northwest. North. and nor-east of Mt. Apo in interior Mindanao. Furthermore. all the above named cultural groups speak reciprocally unintelligible linguistic communications. The Bagobo are light brown in skin color. Their hair is brown or chocolate-brown black. runing from wavy to curly. The work forces stand about 158 centimeter tall. the adult females 147 centimeter. Although the face is broad. the zygomatic bones are non outstanding. The eyes are dark and widely set. the oculus slits slanting. The superciliums are intentionally shaved to a thin line by both male and female. The root of the olfactory organ is low. the ridge wide. The lips are full. the mentum rounded. Population estimation of the Bagobo in 1988 was 80. 000 Culture The Bagobos are celebrated for their flowery traditions in arms and other metal humanistic disciplines and noted for their accomplishment in bring forthing brass articles through the ancient lost-wax procedure. Their accomplishment in weaving one of the best abaca fabrics of Earth tones is besides among the great things that impress both locals and tourers likewise. Up to the present. the Bagobo are considered the prevailing inhabitants of the west seashore of Davao Gulf to the mountain ranges of Mt. Apo where they have engraved their colourful imposts and traditions. Mt. Apo. or Apo Sandawa. besides serves as their sacred worship evidences. Bing animist. the Bagobos believe in hereditary liquors who could allow their desire through offering of forfeits. Prayers are offered in rare rites accompanied by intoning and dancing. Bagobos have a strong societal construction that has enabled them to intermix good with others while retaining their autochthonal imposts. beliefs and values. This cultural individuality is imparted in Kadayawan Festival held every August in Davao City. The event has become a locale where 100s of them conveying out and flash their dances and vocals and rites that has been fierily and proudly passed from coevals to coevals. Today. some Bagobos have gone a long manner from their crude patterns and have attained a significant grade of autonomy. But while some have embraced modern life and abandoned their tribal roots. there is still a great figure that have remained strongly engrossed in the music of kulintangs and tam-tams. in the solemn chants and crop rites. attired in colourful frocks. in the stomping of pess on the land while dancing. and in everything that makes up the Bagobo civilization. Traditions Bagobo have flowery traditions in arms and other metal humanistic disciplines. They are noted for their accomplishment in bring forthing brass articles through the ancient lost-wax procedure. They besides weave abacca fabrics of Earth tones and do baskets that are trimmed with beads. fibres and horse’s hair. Sibulan was the centre of all the Bagobo folk when the Spaniards attempt to suppress the island of Mindanao at the terminal of the 19th century. The Spaniards gave this part its name ; the Land of Sibuls or land of legion springs. Long clip ago a group of Spanish soldiers met a group Bagobo adult females transporting bamboo tubings. tools they used to bring H2O from the many springs in the country. None of the adult females understood the soldiers when they were asked what the name of the topographic point was. The adult females thought the Spaniards were inquiring them for the beginning of the H2O. so they replied. Sibuls. intending spring. The Bagobo are by origin a mobi le folk. they travelled from one topographic point to the other by choping their manner through the virgin woods. The part was abundant with cogonal land with tall trees and had a broad country of runing evidences. The bow and pointer were used both in runing wild Sus scrofa. cervid or monkeys and fishing in crystal pure Waterss spurting from the inclines of Mount Apo. Apo means gramps of all mountains and is the highest mountain extremum in the Philippines. The land was besides cultivated with assorted harvests. but left behind after harvest clip in hunt of a better topographic point to cultivate. The dwellers in the early colonies feared the Anitos. liquors. which include asleep ascendants and nature-spirits or diwatas. who could allow their desire through offering of forfeits. Their faith is an array of countless gimokods ( liquors ) who have to be shown regard. The Bagobo besides believe in a supreme being who inhabits the sky universe. every bit good as a divinity. a supernatural immortal being who will convey illness and decease to incestuous twosomes. The chief Spirit is the great Godhead named Eugpamolak Manobo or Manama. The cognition of liquors and ancient fables resides in old tribal adult females. better known as mabalian. frequently they tell narrative of Tuwaang. a brave and strong warrior with different powers. One fable recalls the battle between Tuwaang and a giant from the land of Pinanggayungan. A maiden of the Buhong Sky who was flying from the giant of Pangumanon came across Tuwaang who was siting the sky on illuming. Tuwaang and the elephantine fought for the maiden. the giant used his charming powers and threw a bally saloon at Tuwaang. He was able to get away this ordeal by utilizing his ain charming ability and name the air current to fan the fire and allow the elephantine be engulfed by his ain fires. The mabalian are besides the ritual practicians which include mending. they are besides skilled as weavers. The adult females weave abaca fabrics with earthly tones. to a great extent embroidering it with beads and stitch work. They are known for their inlaid metal betel boxes. finished with bells and baskets that are trimmed with motley beads. fibres and Equus caballuss hair. The neer stoping jingling of the many bantam brass bells woven into the vesture became a Bagobo symbol. It is non rare that the to a great extent ornamented Bagobo are considered the most colorful people of the Philippines. The Bagobo believe in a supreme being who inhabits the sky universe. every bit good as a divinity who brings illness and decease to incestuous twosomes. The Bagobo are besides known for their long heroic poem verse forms. â€Å"tuwaang† . TraitsThe Bagobos are known to be steadfast trusters of their supreme existences and are besides known to be hardworking and proud of their heritage. FoodsA common nutrient served is known as â€Å"lyurot† or â€Å"lotlot. † . a native nutrient cooked in bamboo. They normally cook their nutrients in bamboo. They are besides knowne for their tasty poulet tenderized in its ain juices and steamed inside a bamboo. Apparels

USS Oklahoma (BB-37) at Pearl Harbor

USS Oklahoma (BB-37) at Pearl Harbor    USS Oklahoma (BB-37) was the second and final ship of the Nevada-class of battleship constructed for the US Navy. This class was the first to incorporate the Standard-type design characteristics which would guide American battleship construction in the years around  World War I (1914-1918). Entering service in 1916, Oklahoma remained in home waters the following year after the United States entered the conflict. It later sailed for Europe in August 1918 to serve with Battleship Division 6. In the years after the war, Oklahoma operated in both the Atlantic and Pacific and took part in routine training exercises. Moored along Pearl Harbors Battleship Row on December 7, 1941, when the  Japanese attacked, it quickly sustained three torpedo hits and began to roll to port. These were followed by two additional torpedo strikes causing Oklahoma to capsize. In the months after the attack, the US Navy worked to right and salvage the battleship. While the hull was righted and refloated, the decision was made to abandon further repairs and decommission the ship in 1944. Design After moving forward with construction of five classes of dreadnought battleships (South Carolina, Delaware, Florida, Wyoming, and New York), the US Navy decided that future designs should possess a set of common tactical and operational characteristics. This would ensure that these ships could operate together in combat as well as would simplify logistics. Dubbed the Standard-type, the next five classes utilized oil-fired boilers instead of coal, eliminated amidships turrets, and employed an â€Å"all or nothing† armor scheme. Of these changes, the shift to oil was made with the goal of increasing the vessel’s range as the US Navy felt that would be critical in any potential naval conflict with Japan. The new all or nothing armor approach called for critical areas of the ship, such as magazines and engineering, to be heavily protected while less vital spaces were left unarmored. Also, Standard-type battleships were to have a minimum top speed of 21 knots and a tactical turn radius of 700 yards.    The principles of the Standard-type were first employed in the Nevada-class which consisted of USS Nevada (BB-36) and USS Oklahoma (BB-37). While earlier American battleships had featured turrets located fore, aft, and amidships, the Nevada-class design placed the armament at the bow and stern and was first to include the use of triple turrets. Mounting a total of ten 14-inch guns, the types armament was located in four turrets (two twin and two triple) with five guns at each end of the ship. This main battery was supported by a secondary battery of twenty-one 5 in. guns. For propulsion, designers elected to conduct an experiment and gave Nevada new Curtis turbines while Oklahoma received more traditional triple-expansion steam engines. Construction Assigned to New York Shipbuilding Corporation in Camden, NJ, construction of Oklahoma commenced on October 26, 1912. Work moved forward over the next year and a half and on March 23, 1914, the new battleship slid into the Delaware River with Lorena J. Cruce, daughter of Oklahoma Governor Lee Cruce, serving as sponsor. While fitting out, a fire erupted aboard Oklahoma on the night of July 19, 1915.   Burning the areas under the forward turrets, it was later ruled an accident. The fire delayed the vessels completion and it was not commissioned until May 2, 1916. Departing port with Captain Roger Welles in command, Oklahoma moved through a routine shakedown cruise. USS Oklahoma  (BB-37) Overview Nation:  United StatesType:  BattleshipShipyard:  New York  Shipbuilding Company, Camden, NJLaid Down:  October 26, 1912Launched:  March 23, 1914Commissioned:  May 2, 1916Fate:  Sunk December 7, 1941 Specifications (as built) Displacement:  27,500 tonsLength:  583 ft.Beam:  95 ft., 6  in.Draft:  28 ft., 6 in.Propulsion:  12 Babcock Wilcox oil-fired boilers, vertical triple expansion steam engines, 2 propellersSpeed:  20.5 knotsComplement:  864 men Armament 10 Ãâ€" 14 in. gun (2 Ãâ€" 3, 2 Ãâ€" 2 superfiring)21 Ãâ€" 5 in. guns2  Ãƒâ€"  3 in. anti-aircraft guns2 or 4 Ãâ€" 21 in. torpedo tubes World War I Operating along the East Coast, Oklahoma conducted routine peacetime training until the US entry into World War I in April 1917. As the new battleship utilized oil fuel which was in short supply in Britain, it was retained in home waters later that year when Battleship Division 9 departed to reinforce Admiral Sir David Beattys Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow. Based at Norfolk, Oklahoma trained with the Atlantic Fleet until August 1918 when it sailed for Ireland as part of Rear Admiral Thomas Rodgers Battleship Division 6. Arriving later that month, the squadron was joined by USS Utah (BB-31). Sailing from Berehaven Bay, the American battleships aided in escorting convoys and continued training in nearby Bantry Bay. With the end of the war, Oklahoma steamed to Portland, England where it rendezvoused with Nevada and USS Arizona (BB-39). This combined force then sorted and escorted President Woodrow Wilson, aboard the liner George Washington, into Brest, France. This done,  Oklahoma departed Europe for New York City on December 14. Interwar Service Rejoining the Atlantic Fleet, Oklahoma spent the winter of 1919 in the Caribbean conducting drills off the coast of Cuba. In June, the battleship sailed for Brest as part of another escort for Wilson. Back in home waters the following month, it operated with the Atlantic Fleet for the next two years before departing for exercises in the Pacific in 1921. Training off the west coast of South America, Oklahoma represented the US Navy at centennial celebrations in Peru. Transferred to the Pacific Fleet, the battleship took part in a training cruise to New Zealand and Australia in 1925. This voyage included stops in Hawaii and Samoa.   Two years later, Oklahoma received orders to join the Scouting Force in the Atlantic. In the fall of 1927, Oklahoma entered the Philadelphia Navy Yard for an extensive modernization. This saw the addition of an aircraft catapult, eight 5 guns, anti-torpedo bulges, and additional armor. Completed in July 1929, Oklahoma departed the yard and joined the Scouting Fleet for maneuvers in the Caribbean before receiving orders to return to the Pacific. Remaining there for six years, it then conducted a midshipmen training cruise to northern Europe in 1936.   This was interrupted in July with the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. Moving south, Oklahoma evacuated American citizens from Bilbao as well as transported other refugees to France and Gibraltar. Steaming home that fall, the battleship reached the West Coast in October. Pearl Harbor Shifted to Pearl Harbor in December 1940, Oklahoma operated from Hawaiian waters over the next year. On December 7, 1941, it was moored outboard of USS Maryland (BB-46) along Battleship Row when the Japanese attack commenced. In the early phases of fighting, Oklahoma sustained three torpedo hits and began capsizing to port. As the ship began to roll, it received two more torpedo hits. Within twelve minutes of the attacks start, Oklahoma had rolled over only stopping when its masts struck the harbor bottom. Though many of the battleships crew transferred to Maryland and aided in defending against the Japanese, 429 were killed in the sinking.    Remaining in place over the next several months, the task of salvaging Oklahoma fell to Captain F.H. Whitaker. Beginning work in July 1942, the salvage team attached twenty-one derricks to the wreck which were connected to winches on nearby Ford Island. In March 1943, efforts began to right the ship. These succeeded and in June cofferdams were placed to allow basic repairs to the battleships hull. Re-floated, the hull moved to Dry Dock No. 2 where the bulk of Oklahomas machinery and armament were removed. Later moored in Pearl Harbor, the US Navy elected to abandon salvaging efforts and on September 1, 1944, decommissioned the battleship. Two years later, it was sold to  Moore Drydock Company of Oakland, CA. Departing Pearl Harbor in 1947, Oklahomas hull was lost at sea during a storm approximately 500 miles from Hawaii on May 17.

How Sunscreen Works and What SPF Means

How Sunscreen Works and What SPF Means Sunscreen combines organic  and inorganic chemicals to filter the light from the sun so that less of it reaches the deeper layers of your skin. Like a screen door, some light penetrates, but not as much as if the door wasnt present. Sunblock, on the other hand, reflects or scatters the light away so that it doesnt reach the skin at all. The reflective particles in sunblocks usually consist of zinc oxide or titanium oxide. In the past, you could tell who was using a sunblock just by looking, because the sunblock whited out the skin. Not all modern sunblocks are visible because the oxide particles are smaller, though you can still find the traditional white zinc oxide. Sunscreens usually include sunblocks as part of their active ingredients. What Sunscreens Screen The portion of the sunlight that is filtered or blocked is ultraviolet radiation. There are three regions of ultraviolet light. UV-A penetrates deeply into the skin and can lead to cancer and premature skin aging.UV-B is involved in tanning and burning of your skin.UV-C is completely absorbed by the earths atmosphere. The organic molecules in sunscreen absorb the ultraviolet radiation and release it as heat. PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid) absorbs UVBCinnamates absorb UVBBenzophenones absorb UVAAnthranilates absorb UVA and UVBEcamsules absorb UVA What SPF Means SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor. Its a number that you can use to help determine how long you can stay in the sun before getting a sunburn. Since sunburns are caused by UV-B radiation, SPF does not indicate protection from UV-A, which can cause cancer and premature aging of the skin. Your skin has a natural SPF, partially determined by how much melanin  you have, or how darkly pigmented your skin is. The SPF is a multiplication factor. If you can stay out in the sun 15 minutes before burning, using a sunscreen with an SPF of 10 would allow you to resist the burn for 10 times longer or 150 minutes. Although the SPF only applies to UV-B, the labels of most products indicate if they offer broad-spectrum protection, which is some indication of whether or not they work against UV-A radiation. The particles in sunblock reflect both UV-A and UV-B.

Corrections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Corrections - Essay Example In some cases, corporal punishment s used, but in the modern era, prison is the most desired type of punishment. This paper will look at the various forms of correctional philosophies in the prison system and various issues in correctional management. Throughout historical times most societies have been known to have some places where they hold criminals. Confinement in form of prisons is a new thing since in ancient times corporal punishment was the best kind of punishment; beheading, hanging, whipping and rack stretching to take a few examples. Early jails were overcrowded, dark and filthy and there was no separation of the inmates. In America, imprisonment was realized in 1600s after the abolishment of death penalty (Simonsen, Allen, & Latessa, 2004). The federal prison system was established to hold inmates who are sentenced to time in prison and those who await trials. It contains of prisons and detention facilities. The organizational structure of American correction systems gives the department of justice the authorization to control all operations in the system. The governor, who is the second in rank, is in charge of supervision of the activities in correctional facilities (Todd, George, & Michael, 2011). There are four directors who are mandated to supervise the legislative affairs, information, quality assurance, medical docket and public communication; all these in the attempt to make the correction system a perfect place for reformation. The hierarchy follows to the support administration in charge of matters relating to field operations, operations support, community development, and correctional facilities administrations. Under them there are junior officers who oversee research, parole, human resources, operations, and security and general inmate’s welfare. Correctional management considers several philosophies for corrections. This paper will look into five main philosophies namely, rehabilitation, restorative justice,

Sexual Abuse of Children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sexual Abuse of Children - Research Paper Example In the US only, the prevalence rate is at 10.1% and the figure has remained relatively constant since the early 1990s. On the older population, over 20% of females and 10% of males in America have suffered child abuse at their young age (Marchand Wolfe 133). These statistics indicate that the problem of child sexual abuse is an issue that requires more focus and a multi-dimensional approach to resolve. The reason why I chose this topic is to develop a better understanding of the reasons behind the prevalence of the problem of child sexual abuse. Statistics provide figures that suggest that the people who are close to the children form the largest portion of the perpetrators. Statistics reveal that 90% of the perpetrators of child sexual abuse are those close to the children, 30% comprising of family members and 60% comprising of other acquaintances such as friends. In choosing this topic, I seek to unveil the myth behind the statistical figures that show that close member of the community perpetrates this crime (Marie 1-11). In my research, I also intend to find out why most parents end up abusing their loved one instead of assuming the role of care providers. In doing so, I intend to provide a grounded platform from where the war against child sex abuse can be launched. This way, it is possible to provide a solution to a problem that has persisted long enough in the society and e fforts to resolve the problem have become unsuccessful. Before my research, I expected that majority of the perpetrators of child sexual abuses are strangers who are unknown to the victims. With this note, I felt that one way to solve the problem would be to increase family protection and to enhance better parental care. Surprisingly, statistics show that the people close to the children are likely to inflict this crime on the young ones.

Ict as level coursework Essay Example for Free

Ict as level coursework Essay Welcome to Magic Herbal Products, which was founded by Sarah Lenington in 2003, who travelled across the world in search of some of the rarest herbal and organic remedies. Sarah was born in London and studied dermatology at a top university. Her passion was making others feel good about themselves so she decided to take up the opportunity to travel several countries in 1997 in the hope of finding natural ingredients instead of artificial products that are prone to cause skin deterioration and allergic reactions. Her discoveries of mineral oils and powders as well as plant extracts were tested in labs for over three years. This was a major procedure to ensure the ingredients were compatible with both skin and hair. It was important that all ingredients used in each product was natural and was not tested on animals. The ingredients were found in Indonesia, Malaysia, India and also Egypt. What makes Magic Herbal products so different to any other brand is the purity of the products as well as their campaign against testing products on animals. Furthermore the packaging of all their products is recycled to ensure they are doing their bit for the environment. The Organic Cosmetics store is located in the centre of London with two people working in it that are in charge of customer service, stocking the products and distributing the products by postage to customers that order by mail. Current system The current system is a paper based system meaning that all customer details, store details, bills and employee information is all stored on paper and is filed. Once a customer wants to purchase any of the herbal products over the phone the employee will have to fill out customer details manually on a sheet containing contact details, billing information, product information and the total of items purchased. All calculations are made using a calculator, pen and paper- including a 10% discount on orders. Problems with the current system Having a paper based filing system of all the companies details is a major disadvantage to the company as it is generally very inconvenient to always search through hundreds of files on a daily basis just to find previous customer details. This wastes a substantial amount of time for the employees. The company very regularly offer discounts on the products which is calculated by a calculator, pen and paper however this takes time and errors are made very easily. This is due to several reasons handwriting can be unclear, it can be difficult to understand all customers of the phone and also totals have to be calculated manually. Another major disadvantage is the fact that receipts are not given to customers as proof of their purchase in case they need it in the future. It also portrays an unprofessional image of the business to customers as they have to wait impatiently while the employee has fills out all their details and also wait whilst the employee is calculating the total of items purchased. Furthermore, the confidentiality of customer information is not secure as anyone has access to the files as they are not in a secure place meaning that customer information can be accessed by unauthorised people. The solution In order to overcome these fundamental problems I will create a user interface. The system will enable the user to choose one of the following options buy products, go to previous customers, see stock levels and edit customer details. If a customer wants to buy something then the user will enter the product via a catalogue and all the details of the product should appear on the screen. Once this is complete the final price will be displayed after a 10% discount of total. Therefore this will be calculated without the user physically viewing the formulas of how the total is calculated. This will ensure that all the calculations are correct which will ultimately increase customer service. This means that no one will have to work out the value themselves ensuring the correctness of the calculations. Another benefit is all the data is safe and secure as only authorised people will have access to customer information due to passwords. The solution will be easy and quick to use as the business may need to deal with several customers on a particular day, therefore if the system is quick it means that they are not loosing customers. The solution should be professional as it is a representation of the business. I will create a system where the employee will fill out details of the client whilst on the phone to them.

Differing Perspectives of Life in A Clean, Well-Lighted Place, By Hemin

Differing Perspectives of Life in A Clean, Well-Lighted Place "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" was written by Hemingway in 1933.   It details an evening's interaction between two waiters, and their differing perspectives of life.   Hemingway uses an old man as a patron to demonstrate the waiter's philosophies. Hemingway is also visible in the story as the old man, someone who society says should be content, but has a significant empty feeling inside. This essay will present a line-by-line analysis, with emphasis on the philosophies of the waiters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This story focuses on two waiters at a cafe in Madrid, and their differing outlooks upon life.   Their views are shown as they talk about an old man in the cafe, and each contemplate their life.   Ã‚   The old man, who may be a reflection of Hemingway's anticipated aging, enjoys drinking in the cafe late at night.   This may be a reflection of Hemingway's own writing in cafes in Paris.  Ã‚   The old man prefers drinking late at night when the atmosphere is much more settled.  Ã‚   The waiters kept a careful eye on the old man, as he has been known to leave without paying after too many drinks.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the two waiters monitor the old man, they younger waiter mentions that the old man tried to kill himself in the previous week. The older waiter asks why, and the younger tells him that he had no reason to kill himself because he had "plenty of money."   The older waiter lets the conversation drop after he hears this, because this statement shows the younger waiter's perspective. The older waiter seems to have empathy for the older patron, where the younger waiter has ill feelings to the customer.   The older waiter seems to be more aware of a larger sense of existence where ev... ...t in a matter of time, he could be ( is? ) a customer in the cafe.   He gets as much out of working as he would out of drinking. He is afraid of the dark, afraid of the nothing, afraid of what may happen to him in time to come, and how he many be treated.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I think that it is also possible to see Hemingway in this story as the cafe's old patron.   The old man is someone that has become a success by society's standards, but not by his own.   The old man is rich, just as Hemingway was famous, but neither of the two were ever completely satisfied.   Hemingway is represented as someone always on safari, or some other glamorous pastime, perhaps trying just to keep busy, to stay away from the nada. Works Cited: Hemingway, Ernest. "A Clean, Well Lighted Place." Literature for Composition. 4th ed. Ed. Sylvan Barnet, et.al. New York: HarperCollins 1996. Differing Perspectives of Life in A Clean, Well-Lighted Place, By Hemin Differing Perspectives of Life in A Clean, Well-Lighted Place "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" was written by Hemingway in 1933.   It details an evening's interaction between two waiters, and their differing perspectives of life.   Hemingway uses an old man as a patron to demonstrate the waiter's philosophies. Hemingway is also visible in the story as the old man, someone who society says should be content, but has a significant empty feeling inside. This essay will present a line-by-line analysis, with emphasis on the philosophies of the waiters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This story focuses on two waiters at a cafe in Madrid, and their differing outlooks upon life.   Their views are shown as they talk about an old man in the cafe, and each contemplate their life.   Ã‚   The old man, who may be a reflection of Hemingway's anticipated aging, enjoys drinking in the cafe late at night.   This may be a reflection of Hemingway's own writing in cafes in Paris.  Ã‚   The old man prefers drinking late at night when the atmosphere is much more settled.  Ã‚   The waiters kept a careful eye on the old man, as he has been known to leave without paying after too many drinks.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the two waiters monitor the old man, they younger waiter mentions that the old man tried to kill himself in the previous week. The older waiter asks why, and the younger tells him that he had no reason to kill himself because he had "plenty of money."   The older waiter lets the conversation drop after he hears this, because this statement shows the younger waiter's perspective. The older waiter seems to have empathy for the older patron, where the younger waiter has ill feelings to the customer.   The older waiter seems to be more aware of a larger sense of existence where ev... ...t in a matter of time, he could be ( is? ) a customer in the cafe.   He gets as much out of working as he would out of drinking. He is afraid of the dark, afraid of the nothing, afraid of what may happen to him in time to come, and how he many be treated.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I think that it is also possible to see Hemingway in this story as the cafe's old patron.   The old man is someone that has become a success by society's standards, but not by his own.   The old man is rich, just as Hemingway was famous, but neither of the two were ever completely satisfied.   Hemingway is represented as someone always on safari, or some other glamorous pastime, perhaps trying just to keep busy, to stay away from the nada. Works Cited: Hemingway, Ernest. "A Clean, Well Lighted Place." Literature for Composition. 4th ed. Ed. Sylvan Barnet, et.al. New York: HarperCollins 1996.

My School Essay

This school does block scheduling of 4 classes for 2 semesters and still have 8 classes for the year. These classes are one hour and a half long. There are about 30 students in the classroom. The students do not come to class prepared for their lessons at all. They do not carry books with them either. The class talks and does not listen to the announcements at all. A couple of students were late and not reprimanded. This teacher tries to get their attention by doing activities and they still don’t care. They have Smart Boards in their rooms and that is very helpful. Her attendance shows 34 students on the role. That is way too many students for one teacher to teach. The board also shows their grade in front of all the students and I personally do not like this at all. You can tell that the teacher gets frustrated. They sharpen their pencils and are very disruptive in class, while she gives instructions. They do detention and have to write their names on the board. You can tell some do want to learn and others don’t even have a clue. They need to show work for their problems and participate in class activities. Some examples: this is ranging 2+3>6 no 3+4>5 yes 3+3>6 no 4+5>8 yes 5+7>8 yes 5+6>9 no.

Review Questions for Business Management Essay

1) What is resource overallocation? Resource leveling is the project management function of resolving project resource over-allocation. By definition over-allocation means that a resource has been assigned more work than can be accomplished in the available time as dictated by the resource’s calendar definition. In most scenarios, over-allocations can be remedied manually by extending tasks or moving them to accommodate the resource’s availability 2) What is resource leveling? When performing project planning activities, the manager will attempt to schedule certain tasks simultaneously. When more resources such as machines or people are needed than are available, or perhaps a specific person is needed in both tasks, the tasks will have to be rescheduled concurrently or even sequentially to manage the constraint. Project planning resource leveling is the process of resolving these conflicts. It can also be used to balance the workload of primary resources over the course of the project[s], usually at the expense of one of the traditional triple constraints (time, cost, scope). 3) Under what circumstances would you want to manually resolve conflicts? You can resolve resource conflicts or overallocations by using the resource-leveling feature in Microsoft Office Project. Leveling works by splitting tasks or by adding delay to tasks until the resources that are assigned to those tasks are no longer overloaded. Because of these changes to the tasks, leveling can delay the finish date of some tasks and consequently also the project’s finish date. When it is leveling, Project does not change who is assigned to each task 4) What would be the caution of adding more resources to a task to resolve resource conflicts? As you assign resources to tasks, Project checks the resource’s calendar to make sure that the resource is working. However, Project doesn’t assess whether the resource is already obligated when you assign the resource to a new task; Project enables you to make the assignment. Be aware, though, that the additional assignment may lead to overallocating the resource. Overallocation occurs when you assign more work to a resource than the resource can accomplish in the time that you’ve allotted for the work to be completed. 5) What would be the caution of rescheduling a task to resolve a resource conflict? To get the best performance and results from resources (resources: The people, equipment, and material that are used to complete tasks in a project.), you must manage resource workloads to avoid overallocations (overallocation: The result of assigning more tasks to a resource than the resource can accomplish in the working time available.) and underallocations (underallocation: Assigning a resource to work fewer hours than the resource has available.). If you change resource assignments (assignment: A specific resource that is assigned to a particular task.), check the effects of your changes on the overall schedule (schedule: The timing and sequence of tasks within a project. A schedule consists mainly of tasks, task dependencies, durations, constraints, and time-oriented project information.) to make sure that the results meet your project goals.

Video voyeurism

Video voyeurism Imagine every move that is made being watched. There is a strong possibility that people are not alone within their living quarters. What is perceived to be private may not be so concealed. Many times women and children are unaware they are being watched and recorded while changing their clothes, showering, attending to bodily functions, or in moments of sexual intimacy. Hidden cameras silently steal privacy. No matter where a person goes, it is possible he or she is being spied on. Anyone could be a victim of video voyeurism. In a world of rapidly growing technology, it has become increasingly easier for "peeping toms" to visually stalk their victims through video voyeurism.In 1999, in the state of Louisiana, Susan Wilson became a victim of video voyeurism. Susan began to see her next-door neighbor so often that she considered the possibility that he was spying on her.Video VoyeurAfter feeling uneasy about her neighbor, she decided to break into his home and investigate. The woman f ound piles of video tapes of herself. The videotapes included footage of her and her husband having sex, her in the shower, and many other intimate moments. She was in horror to see her bedroom on his computer screen. Susan Wilson ransacked through her home to discover several cameras positioned throughout her house. When she presented the authorities with the information, she learned that a law against video voyeurism did not exist. In fact, video voyeurism was not even considered a crime. Her stalker was faced with only minor consequences dealing with unauthorized entry into her home. Therefore, Wilson became a video voyeurism activist and went on a crusade to expose this scandalous activity.Susan Wilson's strong opinions toward this invasion of privacy caused her to address lawmakers. She convinced Louisiana to pass...

High School Science Fair Projects

High School Science Fair Projects Coming up with a high school science fair project idea can be challenging. There is fierce competition for the coolest idea, and you need a topic appropriate for your educational level. Below are science fair project ideas arranged by topic, but first take a look at ideas according to education level: Elementary school projectsMiddle school projectsHigh school projectsCollege projects High School Projects While you might have been able to get by making posters and models in earlier grades, the bar is higher for high school science fair projects. The basis for your scientific exploration should be the scientific method: forming a hypothesis and then testing it with an experiment. You want a topic that makes the judges take notice. Consider issues addressed by others and ask yourself what questions are left unanswered. How could they be tested? Look for problems in the world around you and try to explain or solve them. Here are some ideas in various categories: Household Items These are projects involving items around the house: How safe is your microwave oven? Compare the growth of a plant or germination of seeds placed near the oven with those grown under the same light/temperature conditions farther from the appliance.Will bottled water turn green (grow algae) if you leave unopened bottles in the sun? Does it matter which brand you use?Do all dishwashing detergents produce the same amount of bubbles? Clean the same number of dishes?Do consumers prefer bleached paper products or naturals might include a rubber band harp or a flute from clay, wood, or plastic. Personal Hygiene and Grooming Here are projects affecting health and appearance: Do all hairsprays hold equally well? Equally long? Does the  type of hair affect the results?How sterile is contact lens solution and how long does it stay sterile? See how long it takes for mold, fungi, and bacteria to culture saline. How sterile is the inside of a persons contact lens case?How long do home hair-coloring products hold their color? Does brand matter? Does the type of hair affect colorfastness? How does previous treatment (perming, previous coloring, straightening) affect initial color intensity and colorfastness? Botany/Biology These projects involve the natural world: Are night insects attracted to lamps because of heat or light?How effective are natural mosquito repellents?Does magnetism affect the growth of plants?How are plants affected by the distance between them? Look into the concept of allelopathy. Sweet potatoes release chemicals (allelochemicals) that can inhibit the growth of plants near them. How close can another plant grow to a sweet potato? What effects does an allelochemical have on a plant?Is a seed affected by its size? Do different size seeds have different germination rates or percentages? Does seed size affect the growth rate or final size of a plant?How does cold storage affect the germination of seeds? Factors you can control include the type of seeds, the  length of storage, the  temperature of storage, and other variables, such as light and humidity.How close does a plant have to be to a pesticide for it to work? What factors influence the effectiveness of a pesticide (rain/light/wind)? How much can you dilute a pestic ide while retaining its effectiveness? How effective are natural pest deterrents? What is the effect of a chemical on a plant? Factors that you can measure include rate of plant growth, leaf size, life/death of the plant, color, and ability to flower/bear fruitHow do different fertilizers affect the way plants grow? There are lots of different types of fertilizers containing varying amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in addition to other ingredients. You can test different fertilizers and see how they affect the height of a plant, the number or size of its leaves, the number of flowers, time until blooming, branching of stems, root development, or other factors.Does using colored mulch have an effect on a plant? You can look at its height, fruitfulness, the  number of flowers, overall plant size, the  rate of growth, or other factors.How do different factors affect seed germination? Factors that you could test include the intensity, duration, or type of light, the temperature, the amount of water, the presence/absence of certain chemicals, or the p resence/absence of soil. You can look at the percentage of seeds that germinate or the rate at which seeds germinate. Do plant-based insect repellents work as well as synthesized chemical repellents?Does the presence of cigarette smoke affect the growth rate of plants? Food These are projects involving what we eat: What type of plastic wrap best prevents evaporation?What plastic wrap best prevents oxidation?Do different brands of orange juice contain different levels of vitamin C?Does the level of vitamin C in orange juice change over time?Do oranges gain or lose vitamin C after being picked?How does the sugar concentration vary in different brands of apple juice?Does storage temperature affect the pH of juice?How does the pH of juice change with time? How does temperature affect the rate of chemical changes?Does eating breakfast have an effect on school performance? Does it matter what you eat?Do the same types of mold grow on all types of bread?Does light affect the rate at which foods spoil?Do foods containing preservatives stay fresh longer than foods without them?How does time or season of harvest affect the chemistry and nutritional content of food?Is the nutritional content of different brands of a vegetable (e.g., canned peas) the same?What conditions affect the ripening of fruit? Look at ethylene and enclosing a fruit in a sealed bag, or at temperature, light, or nearness to other pieces of fruit. Is bottled water purer than tap water? Miscellaneous These projects are more generally focused: How much is the interior of a car cooled if a light-blocking windshield cover is used?Can a black light detect invisible stains?What type of car antifreeze is safest for the environment?How does the rate of evaporation of the crystal-growing medium affect the final size of the crystals?You usually heat water or another liquid to dissolve a solid to grow crystals. Does the rate at which this liquid is cooled affect the way the crystals grow? What effect do additives have on the crystals?How are different soils affected by erosion? You can make your own wind and use water to evaluate the effects on soil. If you have access to a very cold freezer, you can look at the effects of freeze-and-thaw cycles.How does the pH of soil relate to the pH of the water around the soil? You can make your own pH paper, test the pH of the soil, add water, then test the pH of the water. Are the two values the same? If not, is there a relationship between them?

Weaning from a ventilator (early extubation) post CABG Essay

Weaning from a ventilator (early extubation) post CABG - Essay Example The ventilator is one such equipment that is it in great demand and so I decided to explore if there was a possibility to wean the post-operative Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) patients from the ventilators to reduce the time patients spend in the intensive care unit, cutting down on costs and pressure on the demand for these medical units. I found that on one side there was support for the early extubation of post CABG surgery patients, but there was also opposition to it. This created in me the desire to learn more on this subject, in an effort to provide better care to the patients in this intensive care unit and in that create the possibility of extending it to post CABG surgery patients in other critical care units. The plan of action in this endeavour would be to make use of the best available research to provide evidence on the subject of early extubation of post CABG surgery patients and then link it to the clinical expertise of the management of these patients and the preferences of these patients, to arrive at the best solution to early extubation in post CABG surgery patients. This would enable providing the most appropriate healthcare to these patients and would remain embedded in the tenets of evidence based learning in providing healthcare to patients. The study would aim at collecting available evidence on the subject of early extubation of post CABG surgery patients, by studying articles in available journals in libraries and also to use medical databases like MedScape in an attempt to collect evidence that would lead to the right conclusion on the possibility of early extubation in post CABG surgery patients and should the evidence provide that it is possible, locate evidence that provides the right protocol and systems that need to be utilised when employing early extubation in post CABG surgery patients. It would also be necessary to analyse the implication that such a change would bring about among the post

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 44

Marketing - Essay Example A retail client of mine wanted to increase the number of shoppers buying the higher value products in their range, and believed a key issue was its packaging. So, the team made several prototype packs and, over course of a couple of days, tried them in a store. They then simply observed how customers interacted with the different versions, and picked a winner that has subsequently driven double-digit sales growth in that category. Different customers have different tastes, thus, a close monitoring of the customers’ buying and/or consumption trends is vital especially where the commodity comes in different versions or tastes so as to determine which version of the commodity is popular among buyers (Business Intelligence, 2005). This helps establish the stature of the product in the market as a result of increased sales once the customer favorite commodity is identified. Even if you are focused on internal clients, direct experience of your offering can bring home to you what its like to be your customer. Only when youve been standing in a retail stores queue with a screaming baby, or perhaps have tried to use your call centre to ask for support, do you get a realistic view of your customers experience. A good business person should some times be able to step into their customer’s shoes as it helps them have a vivid understanding and have value for their customers. In addition, this enables one to help create products and services that are fair to everyone at any given moment so as to keep attracting more customers. Even  Steve Jobs, who eschews most customer research, set up a prototype store when developing  Apples  retail concept. The insights gained from this helped the team develop innovative in-store services such as The Genius Bar. According to Business Intelligence (2005), the current market is growing rapidly which is in line with prototyping; this will help collect sufficient information rapidly about your

Samsung Electronics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Samsung Electronics - Case Study Example Buyer power, which is another of porter forces, is also very strong because high competition and knowledge to consumer through advertising enlighten them and they become powerful. Similarly, Supplier power is weak because each of these firms can choose to take electronic supply from many companies serving this industry. Substitute products force is also high because of influx of "made in China" goods in the industry and firms operating in this industry are vulnerable to cheap products from China. Threat of rivalry is very high in this industry, because of various competing brands such as LG, Sony, and Panasonic etc. The driving force in this industry is the lust to get more and more market share. Many firms operating in this industry are trying to achieve this by attracting consumers towards their products through persuasive and informative advertising and reduced prices that they offer to the customers. In the past years, it has been observed that quality and price are the factors t hat play the most important part in the success of firms operating in this industry (Daft, 1997). However, look at the overall condition and recessionary trend in the world economy; it is very hard to predict that the firms operating in this industry will continue to remain profitable. ... The strategy that Samsung is following to remain competitive in the market is continuous research and development. This helps Samsung to develop new products before its competitors and attract new market share. SWOT ANALYSIS: STRENGTHS: Samsung earns the highest revenue in the industry Samsung has a good brand name due to the reliability of its products Good After-Sales Services and Friendly Staff Rigorous training is given to all employees and especially managers WEAKNESSES: Lagging behind other firms in the mobile phone sector Samsung is a very large company, which results in diseconomies of scales and higher prices than its competitors Samsung is experiencing higher cost of production than its competitors OPPORTUNITIES: Industry is growing at the rate 10% Many investors are willing to invest in this industry, and as a result there is good chance for companies like Samsung to Capitalize their reputation THREATS: This industry is highly competitive, so any minor mistake can doom the company's reputation The cost of production is rising due to shortage of Skilled workers and hike in the salaries of workers Samsung prices are very competitive to its competitors apart from one or two of their products. Samsung has always tried to remain competitive in terms of prices and this is a result that it is enjoying the highest market share in the industry. The company is competitively very strong when compared to its rivals. Its focus on "HOT DESIGN, Lower Prices" has yielded good reputation for the company and it has seen sky-rocketing growth both in the revenues and market share. The only strategic problem that the company must address is that they must

The multiple challenges facing the retail banking industry

The multiple challenges facing the retail banking industry Retail banking is facing multiple challenges. These challenges have been categorized in 5 different sources. Security, Decrease cost, Mergers and acquisitions, Regulatory compliance and Revenue growth. (McCormick, Edson, Natesan, 2007) These variables are also linked to efficacy and efficiency of a service sector. They have also argued that with the increase in access points efficiency is being affected and security concerns have been increased to a greater extent. The basic reason behind this point is customer identity is anonymous at these new access points. The anonymity is responsible for increasing crimes and fraudulent which is the major security concern. Novell provides hardware and software management system which helps to increase efficiency in retail banking sector. Manual processes leads to increasing cost of compliance and further leads to regulatory and compliance violence and corporate reputation risk (McCormick, Edson, Natesan, 2007). As a measure of efficiency revenue growth can be measured as function of excellence. Merger and acquisition is the crisis situation which impacts the retail bank sector from recovering losses for 3 months average taken from Retail Banking Technology Trends survey Dec.2006. Novell has developed a system which is concerned towards operational excellence as well as regulatory compliance and security as a function of Retail Bank efficiency. In majority of countries that can be classified as transition economy, foreign capital controls an increasing share of the banking sector (Weill, 2003). This research is based on comparative analysis of efficiency of foreign owned and domestic owned banks. Furthermore (Weill, 2003) has concluded that efficiency of banks with foreign ownership is higher than the efficiency of local banks. Parametric approaches, such as the stochastic frontier approach, use econometric tools to estimate the efficiency frontier have been used for the study as it provides room for random errors. Few of variables used in (Weill, 2003) are Personnel and interest expenses, Price of labor, Investment assets etc. While considering the cost efficiency foreign ownership has influenced positively on the banks in countries with transition economies (Weill, 2003). The reason behind it is that foreign banks have better know how of the working and better corporate governance. This research has left a room for further study on origin of advantages of a foreign owned bank. (OKEAHALAM, 2008) has argued that internationalization increases competition in the banking sector and effects efficiency. However a study has been conducted showing larger but inefficient banks of Namibia and smaller yet efficient banks of Tanzania. Policy makers should ensure that entrants have high quality management and will transfer technology and skills. This finding is consistent with entry and behavior based primarily on the desire to transfer a monopoly structure and derive economic rents (OKEAHALAM, 2008). Key finding from the study of Namibia and Tanzania is that lack of competition has made efficiency vulnerable. Another unusual thing can be concluded that foreign entry essentially does not make markets more competitive or efficient. Market only becomes competitive when it is already concentrated with local or foreign banks. Another article discusses that customer efficiency increases with greater self service utilization. In case of self service input cost of retail bank is decreased. This issue exactly mirrors the concern in the firm productivity literature that focuses on methods for à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"explainingà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  multifactor productivity of firms given that it is also measured as a residual concept. (Xue, Hitt, Harker, Customer Efficiency, Channel Usage, and Firm Performance in Retail Banking, 2007) Possible explanations for the differing efficiency scores for the majors and regional banks are diversification, technological change, organizational restructuring, different customer bases, and the effects of the globalization of financial services (KIRKWOOD NAHM, 2006). This study further concluded that efficiency of major banks is increasing. Their productivity has also increased a lot whereas regional banks are in danger their efficiency is decreasing and profits are shrinking. This decreased productivity is directly proportional to banking efficiency in Australian banks. This trend can be used in my study to gauge the tangible factors and their effect in Pakistani Market. Another research of Xue related to customer efficiency show that self-service through the Internet has a significant migration effect on personal service and, consequently, saves service delivery costs and improves customer efficiency. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find no evidence that increasing levels of self-service damage customer relationships (Xue, Customer efficiency: Concept and its impact on service management, 2002). Thus Internet or Virtual Banking services are adding on value to the efficacy and productivity of retail banking services. ATMà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s, Debit Cards, Credit cards, Online Cheque writing facilities, Pay Orders, Demand drafts, Online Banking and all the possible technologically advanced instruments effect the preferences of consumer in selection of a service provider bank. Therefore output relies on customer base which is element of efficacy. Concluding remarks can be technology change has direct relation to banking efficiency. After reading all articles it can be concluded that efficiency is very broad term and handling all variables will make research complex. Therefore to get more accurate result it is necessary to shortlist few variables. (NEAL, 2004) has used ROA (Return on Asset) as a measure of efficiency for measuring it from 1995-1999 in Australian Banking case. He has used product of net margin and asset utilization to gauge this variable. The data shows better results for national banks as compared to regional ones. This research is Australia based and focuses on national and regional bank. However corporate and consumer banking has not been separated. The variable ROA in fact can be used for both retail as well as corporate banking. (Hassan Isik, 2002) mentions that previously cost efficiency or input saving efficiency were used to measure the efficiency of banks in Turkish researches. This study is the first to focus on output side inefficiency along with input side inefficiency in Turkish banking, using the so-called stochastic frontier approach. The approach behind using it is that Profit is the key while bank is making losses with less or even same input. Profits are the outlook and are punished even when input becomes costly. On evaluating Turkish banks by both criteria Turkish banks becomes efficient while evaluating by profit efficiency methods.

The Pen :: Essays Papers

The Pen Mortality is a fact of life for everyone and has been since Creation. As humans, we have the intelligence to realize and understand this because we possess the ability to reason and to learn. This ability, when combined with the presence of Life that keeps us in existence, beckons us to secure the future in some way and for some reason(s). We need not only the chance at life beyond our own which comes with the birth of our children, but also to leave our own names, our own ideas and beliefs secured onto something more solid than the spoken word yet not as heavy as stone tablets. In the arid, desert climates this came in the form of parchment . In locations with more water and vegetation, it came from the papyrus plant. But in either climate, something was needed to stain the language onto this new device. That something was the first pen. The Dawn of Pen-kind As early as 2,800 years before Christ, the pen was beginning to appear as a writing implement in the world. Its first form was that of a dried reed, its tip cut at an angle so to create a line of ink instead of a blot. To write with it, simply dip the cut tip of the reed into an ink supply, then gently press the dipped tip against the paper . This was a simple means of writing that required raw materials ample in the environment. The degree of technology it used can be seen as only slightly higher than the scientific concept of the sharpened wedge (blade) used to cut an angle on the reed tip. The small effort needed to build a pen was far less than that of the ink needed. Nature grew the reed, humans merely plucked it from the ground and sliced off its bottom tip. During this period of Antiquity, the Egyptians had also constructed the Great Pyramids and the Sphinx. By no means was the pen as physically large and complex a creation as the wonders of the world, which were constructed with the sole purpose of being the final resting-place of the Pharaoh. However, the reed pen had a much more profound, a much greater effect on the world and the path our present-day history took. There are no records to indicate any one person or group as the inventors of the pen.

Assignment †Team Work in Business Essay

Some management teams are bound to succeed while other are not due to a number of factors. A team, according to Adair (1986), is more than just a group with a common aim. It is a group in which the contributions of individuals are seen as complementary. Collaboration, working together, is the keynote of a team activity. Adair suggests that the test of an effective team is: â€Å"whether its members can work as a team while they are apart, contributing to a sequence of activities rather than to a common task, which requires their presence in one place and at one time.† Below is a discussion of some of the major factors that create a difference between winning and losing management teams . 1. Supportive Sponsor Management teams are usually formed by a sponsor who recognizes that reaching an organizational goal will require a group of individuals working together to provide the leadership necessary to move a company, division or unit towards the organization’s goals. It is the sponsor’s responsibility to create a ‘charter’ that establishes the management team and its primary focus. In addition, the sponsor establishes specific goals the team is to accomplish. The sponsor will also select the team leader and gain his or her commitment to lead the leadership team in defining and carrying out the needed actions. Lack of will or proper direction by the sponsor ( e. g board of directors in a company) can lead to team failure. 2. Environmental factors These include physical factors such as working proximity, plant or office layout. In general, close proximity aids group identity and loyalty, and distance reduces them. Other environmental issues include the traditions of the organisation under which the management team operates, and leadership styles. Formal organisations tend to adopt formal group practices. Autocratic leadership styles prefer group activities to be directed. 3. Team size Small groups tend to be more cohesive than larger groups; small groups tend to encourage full participation; large groups contain greater diversity of talent. 4. Focus on Stakeholder Outcomes A shared understanding of the management team’s stakeholders, their expectations of the team, and the values the team embraces is essential to create the focus needed as the management team members plan and execute the actions necessary to achieve the team’s goals. 5. Smart Goals Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound goals should be established by the team’s sponsor and then broken into sub-goals by the management team. Without SMART goals, the team will lack the milestones necessary to drive action. 6. Team Leadership Team leadership is the most critical success factor for the performance management team. A leader with strong performance management skills and the ability to develop others virtually guarantees a successful performance initiative. Every management team needs a leader who focuses the members of the team on the mission, purpose, and goals of the team. This individual must be committed to the team’s results and must be willing to be held accountable by the team’s sponsor and other stakeholders, for leading the team through processes that insure the team’s goals are reached. The team leader must engage each team member in the processes of the team and build a platform of mutual trust that leads to open debate, collaboration, individual commitment, and personal accountability. 7. Mutual Trust The most important element of successful team work is the establishment of a platform of mutual trust that enables the management team to engage in open debate and decision making that leads to commitments to action by individual members of the team. Building this trust requires an openness that allows team members to know and understand the beliefs and behaviors of all members of the team so that team actions can be structured to take advantage of each member’s uniqueness and talents. Behavioral and values assessments are powerful tools in developing an understanding how each member of the management team views themselves and responds to others in the team. 8. Engaged Management Team Members An effective management team will have team members who are actively engaged in the work and focus of the team. This will require that each team member emotionally commits to actively and openly participate in the team’s processes in the pursuit of the team’s goals. The team member must willingly commit to carry out action plans to complete individual actions necessary for the team to reach their team goals. The team member must be dependable and carry the full weight of personal responsibility to complete their individual commitments by the date committed to. Engaged team members enthusiastically support each other and add value to other team members. They prepare for team processes and choose to engage others in a positive manner to find solutions to issues and challenges they individually or as a team face. They constantly seek to improve themselves for the benefit of the team and never, never, never quit. 9. Composition of the Team The Apollo Syndrome is a phenomenon that having too many people with a high mental abilities grouped together to solve a problem is, in many instances, detrimental to the teamwork process. Team members spend much of their time trying to persuade the team to adopt their own views as well as figuring out ways to point out weaknesses in the rest of the team’s ideas. They have difficulty reaching consensus in decisions and are focused on their own work, paying little attention to what their fellow team members agree doing. Occasionally the team will pick up on the fact they are having problems, but will then overcompensate to avoid confrontation. This leads to even more problems in making sound decisions. A knowledgeable team, skilled at group working, and with a wider range of talents is much more likely to succeed than an inexperienced group with a narrow range of talents. 10. Individual Commitments The work of a management team is carried out by individual members of the team. When a team has developed a plan of actions that are necessary to achieve their goals or overcome barriers, individual members must commit to carrying out specific actions which in many cases will include actions by the individual teams they in turn lead. The management team’s collaborative processes must include steps to: * Define individual actions, * Gain the commitments by individual team members to complete the actions, * Document due dates, and * Establish status reporting processes. 11. Discipline and Accountability Team goals will usually not be realized until individual commitments are completed. Management team members must embrace a discipline to complete their commitments as scheduled. They must agree to hold each other personally accountable for completing, as scheduled, the commitments each person has made to the team. Each management team member must continuously report the status of their open commitments to the team so that barriers to completion can be identified early in order to permit the management team leader and other team members the opportunity to deal with the issues before overall deadlines are impacted. 12. Identification and Removal of Barriers Barriers to team and individual progress will occur in every management team effort and must be dealt with quickly to continue progress towards the team’s goals. The team leader must continuously monitor the status of each individual’s commitments and initiate barrier removal processes where appropriate. Team-based processes for developing action plans to overcome barriers impacting individual commitments should be instilled as a part of the team’s culture. 13. Shared vision / approach. The ability for a management team to clearly state it’s goals and objectives and gain buy-in among the people they lead ( e. g. employees )along with a synergistic team that can carry out their responsibilities is vital to performance success. The vision and/or mission of the team must be accepted by all the team members and critical goals viewed as the collective responsibility of the team. If a return to profitability is a critical goal of an executive team, priorities and time commitments must be pulled from elsewhere. Focusing on results that in any way does not support the critical goal(s) of the team will lead to team failure. 14. Technology support While a skilled management team can improve performance with very little tools and only an effective approach, with proper technology to support the team’s needs, and the proper data to drive decision making, there is almost no limit to the improvements an organization will yield. 15. Ability to Innovate Innovating is a key aspect of teamwork and involves challenging the way things are currently being done. Technology is changing so quickly that the way you are currently performing tasks may no longer be the best way. If you are not up-to-date in your practices, your cost structure may be too high or you may no longer be delivering competitive service. Innovating is essential for all work teams. There are always better ways of doing things if you only take time to discover them. 16. Promoting To obtain the resources – people, money, and equipment – to carry out your work, you have to ‘sell’ what you are doing to other people. Resources to implement new ideas will only be given if your team can persuade and influence people higher in the organization. Promoting to customers or clients both inside or outside the organization is also important if you are to continually deliver what people want. 17. Developing Many ideas don’t see the light of day because they are impractical. The Developing activity ensures that your ideas are molded and shaped to meet the needs of your customers, clients, or users. It involves listening to their needs and incorporating these in your plans. Developing will ensure that what you are trying to do is possible, given the resource constraints of your organization. 18. Inspecting & Maintenance Regular checks on work activities are essential to ensure that mistakes are not made. Quality audits of your products or services will ensure that your customers or clients will remain satisfied. Inspecting also covers the financial aspect of work in your team, as well as the security aspects, the safety aspects and the legal aspects. All management teams need to uphold standards and maintain effective work processes. Your car will fail if it does not have its regular service. Teams can fail too, if the team processes are not regularly checked and maintained. Maintaining ensures that quality standards are upheld and that regular reviews of team effectiveness take place. 19. Linking Linking is the activity that ensures all team members pull together, and makes the difference between a group of individuals and a highly effective and efficient team. It covers the linking of people, linking of tasks and leadership linking.